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14 April 2019

The 2007 PCA General Assembly Debate on Federal Vision Theology

Some time ago I discovered the audio for the debate and listened with considerable interest.


I found it interesting that it wasn't only the advocates of Federal Vision theology that were concerned with the actions of the General Assembly.  They simply requested that judgment would be delayed, that Scriptural proofs and exegetical work would be provided and that the committee would be revised to include at least a couple of voices who could advocate for the Federal Vision.


In the end this would be rejected and though I already knew the outcome I was curious to hear what was said... even though it meant enduring the torture that is Presbyterian procedure and polity. If you've ever wondered if Presbyterianism was the polity of the New Testament, just listen to one of these sessions. It's a disgrace to those who profess a belief in the Sufficiency of Scripture and certainly alien to New Testament doctrine, let alone its ethos.
If only Paul had only known about Robert's Rules he probably could have been more effective at the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15.
There was a lot of disingenuous and frankly ignorant commentary. Dewey Roberts once again did not disappoint in this regard as he insisted there was no need to delay in passing judgment. The issues were resolved in the Westminster Confession. The scary thing is that he was probably sincere and after spending a career supposedly in the study of theology he has failed to grasp the rich and complex heritage that is Reformed Covenant Theology... a spectrum both wide and diverse and one that for the most part condemns the Baptistic assumptions represented by Roberts and many others within the PCA.
The now deceased RC Sproul once again played the role of showman and entertainer and few would question his gifts when it comes to oration and the ability to communicate. In his case though I'm afraid he was being less than honest as he cannot claim ignorance of the Reformed tradition. Sproul ought to have known better. But Sproul whipped out the 'Article by which the Church stands or falls' Justification fallacy which additionally rests on the fallacious Council of Trent narrative.
In other words, Rome still (somehow) affirmed Sola Fide until it was formally denied at Trent and thus the mantle of the True Church was taken up by the Magisterial Reformers. This fictitious and mythological view of history ignores a millennium of Catholic teaching in which one is hard pressed to find the Reformation doctrine of Sola Fide taught anywhere.
On the contrary one can fill volumes with citations demonstrating Rome's denial of this very doctrine though never put in those terms. Why not? Because prior to Luther's revision of Romans 3, the verbiage and to some extent the concept was hitherto unknown. Justification by Faith is of course an Old Testament concept and one embraced by the Church from the beginning. But what is that faith? How is it defined? And is it alone in the sense meant by Luther? The historical record is pretty clear and thus Sproul's statement along with its assumptions falls flat.
Sproul paints the hesitation to condemn as something akin to cowardice or trepidation rooted in uncertainty and he all but rebukes his fellow denominationalists. And yet I would argue that many of his fellows were actually exercising a modicum of wisdom, realising that there was more to the story and that the zeal of the Federal Vision opponents was suspect.
Sproul of all people in that assembly should have realised and acknowledged there are diversities in opinion as to the basic questions surrounding Christian epistemology and how Sola Fide is to be understood. A simple cut and dry conceptualisation is misleading and he must have known it. It's especially ironic in that many Calvinists would actually view Sproul's epistemological assumptions as suspect and guilty of undermining the truly gracious nature of Reformed Soteriology. They would argue his more-than-latent Thomism presents a viable threat not just to Sola Fide but to Sola Scriptura itself.
Sproul's position which could be described as Sola Fide Ultimism is exposed as a false argument, the generator of a false dilemma. It points again to a larger reality... the importance of understanding Sola Scriptura as the article by which the Church stands or ultimately falls but these roads lead to revisionism and a reassessment of the accepted Church History narrative.
Sola Fide means little apart from Sola Scriptura.
One of the men at the meeting made an interesting statement which reflected Declaration #6 from the Ad Interim Report. Federal Vision it is said puts forth a parallel soteriological system which undermines the decretal system of the confessions....
But dare it be asked, do the Scriptures put forth parallel (or better multifaceted) frameworks of soteriology? If they do, then what is to be done? The Confessionalists have a dilemma at this point.
If the Scriptures do teach such parallelism (and duality) it would indicate that not only is Sproul in error both theologically and in his reading of Church History but that the very methodology of the Confessions itself is flawed.
Resting one's conceptions of coherence on finite space-time epistemological foundations won't allow for multi-faceted parallelism. Such duality (as opposed to absolute dualism) is not easily put into the kind of concise and unequivocal terms needed for a Confession. The resulting reductionism is a convenient and functional tool for those building institutions and bureaucracies but they run the risk of pulling the Church from the true path. And to be blunt it's a less than faithful expression of Scriptural doctrine, and in other cases it has strayed into error. False premises leading to false deductions bound by fictional coherences, nevertheless the document is rendered unassailable.
And yet the Confession is elevated as the standard and thus the real danger of Confessionalism is not only revealed in this exercise it is put on ignominious display. Where's the shame in it? It's in the sad reality that the Confessionalists put their man-crafted and hewn documents on par with and even above the Scriptures. Did some at the General Assembly sense this? I wonder and yet others seem to embrace this way of thinking without even realising their doing it.
How often is the assumption that 'these issues' are 'solved' and thus the Scriptures do not need to be revisited concerning them?
Is that the Berean spirit? Is that a spirit in accord with Sola Scriptura? Maybe it was there (within Magisterial Reformation Protestantism) at one time but clearly no longer. Confessionalism is clearly the bane of Berea. Are these men such fools as to fail to realise that words change and external ideas reshape how they are understood? Words and concepts change even within their own tradition. Historical Theology demonstrates this but of course they employ academics whose sole task seems to be constructing a narrative that either rejects this reality... or obscures it. This is not relativism but an acknowledgement that our ideas are bound to something fluid... language. This at the very least demands that we must (from time to time) revisit these questions and ponder them anew. Much more could be said in this regard but for the sake of brevity we'll move on.
The episode demonstrates what many have long known. What denominationalism comes down to is control. Denominations are large bureaucracies with a lot at stake. Most of the opponents of the Federal Vision will say that conservative Anglicans, Lutherans and Arminians are fellow Christians. I've heard more than a few say that Federal Vision isn't really a problem as long as it's outside the denomination and that's what the battle is really all about. They're fellow Christians unless they appear within the bureaucracy itself. Suddenly they become no longer 'brethren with whom we differ' but arch-heretics who threaten the very Gospel itself. So then what is the Gospel?
I've heard several men within the PCA proclaim something I would never say... that they know of Roman Catholics who are true Christians, that Thomas Aquinas was a Biblical Christian.... but then they're going to chase off the Federal Visionists as men opposed to the Gospel? Something is rotten, something is dishonest. Is the issue the Gospel, or is it really about control of a denominational bureaucracy? The latter is far less compelling and it doesn't preach very well does it? It doesn't rally the troops. The myriad warnings which the opponents of Federal Vision have issued seem to fall flat when considered in such light.
And once again we're back to the extra-Scriptural man-made nature of Presbyterian Church government and the operating assumption that they comprise the True Church. They of course will completely deny this and at a minimum they will point to their NAPARC affiliates as proof of this. And as I just mentioned they will happily point to many Christians who exist far beyond the boundaries of their denominational tradition.
But as a denomination they proceed on the basis that they are and speak for the True Church. At least everything they say and do points to this.
I wouldn't want to be taken as ecumenical in my denunciations of denominations and in particular Presbyterianism. In no way am I suggesting this. In many ways I'm taking a much harder line on many doctrinal points than the leaders of the PCA. However when these questions are placed within a Congregational framework the whole nature of the debate changes and one realises it's not the Federal Visionists who are guilty of schism per se but the denominations themselves.
Here's the audio link to the debate which presently doesn't seem to work. I hope it will be remedied in time:
Here's a downloadable mp3 link that I posted through Google. It functions as a download button and then you can listen to it on whatever player you like. Embedding a player was a task beyond what I had patience for.
And a link to the 9 Declarations found in the PCA report:


I have considered interacting with the declarations but the question as to their viability vis-à-vis the Westminster Confession is of little interest to me. I think both sides are probably wrong to some degree. The paramount question is how these questions are answered in light of Scripture. If one takes out the term 'Standards' and replaces it with Scripture then we have a very different sort of debate and one I am keen to engage in.