15 September 2018

American Evangelicalism, China and all things Eurasia (Part 1)

Beijing's 'clampdown' on Chinese Churches is making a splash in Evangelical circles and as I've long followed the state of Christianity in China, I've certainly been paying attention.

And yet something is amiss. The Christian coverage of the situation is deficient and that's probably being kind. There's plenty of condemnation to be levied at Beijing and yet are these various reporting agencies, hosts, interviewers and ministries concerned with the truth or not? Is this just another case of American Right-wing politics criticising international opposition? Shouldn't we as Christians approach this issue a little differently? Shouldn't our concerns be divorced from the political interests of the United States?


One would think this would be obvious and yet it's clear to me this is not the case. To be fair, it's not always deliberate. There's also a great deal of ignorance at work.... sometimes stunningly so.
Recently I was listening to a Calvinist oriented podcast dealing with Christianity in Central Asia. It was obvious the host didn't possess even a basic familiarity with the geography and history of the region, let alone the contemporary issues that are shaping the discussion.
Fair enough I suppose, though I think it's sort of basic that you would do a little research before conducting a two hour interview. But at the very least one would think you would have the guest give a basic rundown of the situation, the who, what, when, where and so forth and yet rarely do I find this happening anymore. Even a lot of mainstream journalism is really failing in this regard but it's glaring in the amateur world. I've listened to programmes in which 20-30 minutes in, I'm still somewhat in the dark as to what they're even talking about.
Sometimes when dealing with Central Asia, China or the Middle East the guests are trying to mask their identity and so they tend to be obtuse in their descriptions. A good informed host could still tease out a lot of non-compromising information but in some recent cases, the interview starts to fall flat because the guest isn't being clear and the host clearly doesn't know what questions to ask.
After dancing around the topic for the better part of an hour the listener is left frustrated. I'm well aware of the situation but I was listening and thinking in terms of other people I know and confident they would be lost. There was never a basic explanation of the geography, a summary of the politics or any of the issues, so instead we were left with a somewhat disjointed and almost patronising discussion of the region.
Maybe this is just ignorance and incompetence? Maybe, but it can reach such a level as to be misleading, even dangerous. I expect more from Christian leaders, especially given the weight and status they give to credentials and how quickly they are willingly to dismiss and cut down their opponents on that very basis. If they want the standard to be high, then they had best adhere to it themselves hadn't they?
What does this have to do with China? In the case of the Reformed podcast on Central Asia, it has a lot to do with China as not once was Beijing's One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative mentioned, nor was there even a hint of discussion about the scramble for resources and the tensions between the United States, China, Russia, India, Pakistan and Iran. That's a lot of ground to cover, but they had two hours. It would have helped in explaining the context and difficulties of Christianity in Central Asia and why the regimes are hostile to it, why they are pro-Islam but a fry cry from being Islamists.
There was a stunted explanation of Turkic identity but this was never explained and this led to discussions regarding Andrew Brunson but the Turkish context was never explored, there was no mention of Erdogan's programmes, let alone the Gülen, his movement, his residence in the United States or anything else. How could anyone hope to understand the issues without a very basic outline or narrative to provide some context?
What was the point of the programme? I don't really know. In the end I'm left to conclude the host simply wanted to reinforce the assumptions of the American Right and yet his audience would come away from the show ignorant of the salient topics regarding Central Asia and China.
Not long after this I listened to another radio show specifically about China. Right away I knew where it was going. The term Communist was thrown about incessantly and yet not once did the host or the guest... who was trying his best despite all the rude and ignorant interruptions from the woefully unqualified host... mention the changes that took place in the years following Mao's death.
China abandoned Communism in the late 1970's under Deng Xiaoping. China's economy is not in any way shape or form communist. It is best described as oligarchical and authoritarian capitalist. There are classes, there are rich and poor. The Chinese Communist Party (CPC) has retained the nomenclature and Maoist iconography but this is because it's part of their power narrative which grants them legitimacy. And yet they repudiated the actual ideology more than 40 years ago. The problem is they have nothing to replace it with, as even Confucianism is problematic in a capitalist context. They are trying to forge a new identity but it's too soon.
None of this was explained or even touched upon. There wasn't even an explanation of the tensions between the USSR and China or the US relationship with Beijing that developed in the 1970's. This story is important to understanding what happened after Mao and the rise of Chinese capitalism. Was any of this even mentioned or hinted at? No. All we get is 'communism' repeated over and over again.
When the issue of Catholic bishops came up the host was so ignorant as to suggest that maybe Francis wouldn't have a problem with Beijing's control of Chinese Catholicism because he's a Marxist too.
This goes beyond mere ignorance. This is worthy of rebuke because (astonishingly) there are people who look to this show and others like it for information, for important news about what's happening. There are people who give money to it. And they come to shows like this for a Christian perspective and yet they're not getting it. In fact they are subject to a grave disservice, something of a travesty.
Even more important, why would Beijing be so paranoid about missionary activity and foreign entanglement? Is it just because they're communist? This is to completely ignore the history. Western missionaries played no small part in the machinations of empire during the century of China's shame from the mid-1800's to 1949. Hudson Taylor's Inland Mission was only possible in light of the Opium Wars. Even though Taylor was not motivated by imperialist concerns, many missionaries were and were perceived to work hand-in-hand with the European powers which sought to dismantle Chinese society and culture.
Beijing wickedly persecutes Christians but at the same time Western Christians have given them a reason to fear. I was pleased that the guest saw fit to mention the 19th century Taiping Rebellion but he was never allowed to elaborate on it. It was never tied in with missionaries, the Boxers and the role of Christianity in the Republic period and its influence upon figures like Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Soong Mei-ling and the latter's ties to the China Lobby and its many Christian members and influences. All of this is important in understanding why China fears foreign religious entanglements. Even though she only died in 2018, how soon figures like Anna Chennault have been forgotten.
To not mention or pursue this history is dishonest. And what a travesty that in a two hour programme, none of this could be touched upon. There was literally about thirty minutes of substance and the rest of the show was a waste of time. Iron can't be sharpened using a tin can.
BreakPoint is of course little better. The Dominionist outlet wanted to take pot-shots at Beijing and in a recent show went after China's anti-Uyghur policy. Again, I do not defend Beijing for a moment but at the same time the cause of truth is not served by politicised commentary, tactical omission and downright lies.
The commentator in this case the ever ignorant and disappointing John Stonestreet decided to focus on Xinjiang and the recent reports of Uyghur imprisonment. The briefing was ostensibly a plug for universal religious liberty and yet in reality it was a push for Evangelicals to support American Anti-Chinese policy and to continue to press Washington to put pressure on Beijing. Stonestreet's concerns for religious liberty ring hollow as we know this does not extend to Muslims and others in the United States itself. Were they to have their way, these groups would be second-class citizens at best. The whole discussion was disingenuous and misleading.
Again, don't misunderstand me. I think China's claims on Tibet and Xinjiang are bogus as are the many imperialist claims of nations like Russia and the United States. Christians are not partisans for any empire, something Stonestreet cannot say.
That said, he dismisses out of hand any concern Beijing might have about Islamic extremism and yet it is Stonestreet who once again flouts his ignorance of the region, its history and current events. If he bothered to pick up an actual history book he might be able to form a genuine understanding of the region and interpret it through Christian eyes. Instead as with most 'worldview' teachers, the answers come before the questions and the Bible has little to do with their 'Biblical Worldview'.
Is he unaware of the Islamic revival that took place in the 1980's and 1990's? This revival affected all of Central Asia and played a part in the Afghan jihad against the Soviets. Is he aware of Pan-Turkism and the Grey Wolves and the paramilitary violence they have been involved in? Is he aware of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM)? It's considered to be a Uyghur terrorist group and its fighters have been involved in Syria. The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) which is partly funded and certainly supported by the United States frequently provokes Beijing and many believe it is akin to the ETIM's political arm, a kind of Sinn Fein-IRA relationship.
The ETIM is affiliated with Al Qaeda. Does Stonestreet know that? What about the various reports of Uyghur fighters in the ranks of ISIS? Does Stonestreet know about the unrest in 2009 and the other episodes of unrest across Central Asia in recent years? Does he know about the Great Game-like struggle in Central Asia over resources?
Again, Beijing's government is wicked, tyrannical and profoundly anti-Christian but to just dismiss their fears about radicalism among the Uyghurs in Xinjiang is either ignorant or a deliberately misleading attempt to argue for Anti-Beijing policies. I don't doubt that a bit of both are probably the case here and yet I'm not sure who is the bigger fool, Stonestreet or those that would listen to him?