I will not make the same mistake the mainstream media often
does by calling Rick Santorum an Evangelical. He's a Roman Catholic, however
Evangelical has doctrinally become an all but meaningless term, and the media
is in part correct in basically viewing it as a socio-political movement. In
that sense, it is appropriate to speak of someone like Santorum when talking
about American Evangelicalism, even if he cannot actually be placed under that
label. His recent endorsement by famed Evangelical leader James Dobson only
validates this framework.
For most Americans the present situation with Iran dates to
the Carter administration, the fall of the Shah, the arrival of Khomeini, and
the Hostage Crisis. Some Americans will remember the glamorous Shah and his
queen visiting the United States during every administration going back to
Truman, but the real focus today in the American mind is 1979.
For the Iranians, this is all goes back to World War II, when
Reza Shah was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion. They
preemptively overtook Iran to secure its oil from the Nazis who were pushing
toward the Caucasus. The Shah was forced out and his son Reza Shah Pahlavi (the
one everyone remembers in the West) came to power.
He like his father was a liberal reformer, but he was young
and allowed others to essentially run the country. Liberal reforms are
dangerous because it can lead to elections...and when the people voted for
Prime Minister Mosaddegh who wanted to nationalize the oil fields (effectively
removing British interests) the Anglo-American alliance acted, staged a coup
and subsequently installed the Shah as something akin to an autocrat. Over the
next twenty-five years the Shah acted as a proxy for Western interests,
offended his people on many social fronts, and crushed dissent with a brutal
force of secret police.
This led to the rise of what has been called Shiite
Fundamentalism and the revolution in 1979 which helped to destabilize the whole
balance of power in the Middle East. Some of the instability was deflected by
Carter's peace deal brokered between Egypt and Israel at Camp David.
Former enemy Saddam Hussein was embraced and encouraged to
militarily engage the new force in Persia, something he was keen to do. The
Kurds were betrayed then and would be again. And of course to the Iranians,
this war with Iraq was viewed through the lens of further American aggression
against the country. Over a million people died, and the war resolved absolutely
nothing.
Iran has never forgotten these events and it continues to be
a very complicated society full of internal turmoil. The internal conflict is
both masked and magnified by the severe Islamic social cast. Women are forced
to wear the chador, but behind closed doors there's a vibrant youth and party
culture where the drugs and alcohol flow and at least as recent as a few years
ago the most popular television show was Baywatch. Satellite dishes are
forbidden and the regime usually looks the other way, but can also use the
dishes and other minor infractions as an excuse to crack down on dissent when
it wants to.
For years Iranian experts have predicted massive uprisings.
The majority of the people don't like the Islamic regime, and the population in
Iran is very young, the result of a post-Revolutionary baby boom. Iran is
actually a pretty modern country with modern social attitudes. Westerners have
reported that behind closed doors, women are vocal, smoke, and look you in the
eye when they talk to you...something that just doesn't happen in much of the
Middle East. There are a wide range of Iranian films available to the western
audience if you're willing to listen to Farsi and read English subtitles. Many
deal with the dark side of the regime, but many more show something of Iranian
life and culture which is full of surprises.
Americans mistakenly believe that all people desire freedom
and impose this thinking on other societies and cultures. Many do desire social
freedoms, but first and foremost people desire security and stability.
Americans are actually no different on this score. Iran is caught in a
geo-political maelstrom and is both victim and perpetrator. The regime uses
this to maintain power.
Wilsonian ideals lead the United States to want to intervene
and help Iranian dissidents but Iranian pride (yes other nations have it too)
and anti-imperial resentment works against this. They don't like it when
powerful empires step in and manipulate their internal affairs. The present
mess they're in is a result of outside meddling extending back over seventy
years.
An external threat helps to unify the nation. People will
put aside their differences and unite when the nation as a whole is perceived
to be under threat. Just think of the days after 11 September 2001. Everyone
except for a handful of people like me was behind President Bush and he was
practically given a blank check to do what he wanted.
The narrative in America at present is that Iran is a threat
to the world order. Rick Santorum and thus many Christians who are feeding from
the same ideological trough want to cast this in terms of 1938. The Iranians
are the Nazis...will we sell out the innocent nations adjacent to Iran through
a Munich style appeasement? Santorum wants to portray Obama as a Chamberlain
clone, a diplomatic weakling, a blind misguided and naive lemming while he's
the brave Winston Churchill warning the world and telling everyone how it
really is.
Churchill was a brilliant and very flawed man. Despite his
tremendous mistakes and miscalculations and his own dubious morality on many
fronts, he was more than anything a leader. The emotional outpouring of
affection at his funeral displayed the general consensus, the high regard and
esteem the British people have accorded him. Santorum is an amateur, utterly
lacking in the worldly-wise sophistication and instinct Churchill had acquired
through his long career spanning the globe. He had a certain cunning and a
sense of his own ability long before World War II. Santorum is untested and
comes across to many as something of a boy scout or even a whining child. I
think he's much worse than that and in addition to his potentially disastrous
foreign policy, his adherence to Roman Catholicism, his views of government and
the role of the state in personal lives, 'in our bedrooms' as he put it,
reminds me much more of Franco than Churchill.
This Revolutionary Iran/Third Reich parallel is a fantasy
and it’s dangerous. This is just not the situation. Iran is not ruled by a
Hitler even though American media has often tried to portray Ahmadinejad in
this light. His Holocaust denial language has helped to further this portrayal
and identification. I'll come back to that. However it must be noted the
Iranian president is not a dictator. He is a political leader but in the
Iranian system the macro-agenda as well as individual policies have to pass
through the Ayatollah's, the clerics who are the guardians of the Revolution.
Ahmadinejad frequently clashes with the clerics led by Khamenei who could
probably be described as a sort hands-off but actual or de-facto ruler of the
country. He doesn't get his hands dirty so to speak in the way a president must
and it places the president in a very difficult and sometimes impossible
situation. There have been several rifts recently between these groups.
Prior to Ahmadinejad, Mohammad Khatami was president and he
tried to maintain the balance between social pressures and the Islamic
programme. He failed and was forced out. He was viewed as a reformer, his
policies leading to people taking to the streets giving some indication as to
level of pressure beneath the public veneer. The Ayatollahs wanted him out
because his concessions were destabilizing the country.
Ahmadinejad has tried to ramp up the geo-political situation
to focus his public on these issues and galvanize the country. The fact that
America invaded and conquered the countries on either side of them has helped
in this regard. An external threat always helps to cool down internal
pressures. A regime in danger will always look for a threat as a political
distraction.
PART 2