These posts have generated some offsite discussion. I've been posting some of these exchanges. This is a continuation of the discussion from the previous post.
Most readers will probably agree with my friend who I will here call Bosporus. Again what's at stake is the nature of theology. What does it mean to claim to follow the Bible alone? If I'm claiming to be a Biblicist or Scripturalist, how do I do that? Why do so many come up with different theological systems? Isn't the Bible clear?
These questions deal with how we read the Bible. What lenses do we look through as we read? Most people never really think about these questions. I'm not knocking or attacking those people. Even with 'lenses' the Gospel message still gets through. Praise be to God that the power of the Word overcomes our weaknesses and sinful thinking.
But, I would argue if we come with a specific type of epistemological lens, a certain way of thinking about knowledge and how we process it then we will miss and/or undercut much of what the Bible actually says. It has also led to many unnecessary divisions within the Church.
These are the questions that have spawned this discussion. I have come to the conclusion that part of our problem in reading the Bible is that we are post-Enlightenment Westerners and without realizing we impose criteria on the text of Scripture that we shouldn't, and it is a criteria that hinders us from in some cases properly understanding and reverencing the text.
Hence this continued discussion on the nature of logic and its role in the realm of theology.
My responses are in bold italic
Bosporus said...
No, logic is not empirical; in fact, it
is the very definition of rational.
I don't think this says anything. We're
simply back to...how do we determine what is logical or rational? What is the
means for this?
Bosporus:
Bosporus:
Sometimes, when you critique logic, it seems like you’re actually
talking about language. Humans have a finite logical capacity,
limited even further by the symbols (letters, words, etc.) which make up the
various linguistic systems developed throughout human history. Even
there, some languages are more powerfully expressive than others. Languages,
I admit, are more empirical, but I would say the logic expressed by
language is rational in nature.
Logic itself is closely tied to
language. If we want to split logic and rationality and say rationality is something essential to
creation or whatever...then logic (tied to language) is the means of expressing
this. It has to be tied to language. It's tied to communication and our ability
to frame things in our minds.
It's one thing to do this with the
tangible natural world but to 'probe' into the spiritual realm seems a bit
presumptuous, especially when the Revelation we're so dependent upon seems at
every turn to throw out concepts and categories for which we have no natural
frame of reference.
All I'm suggesting is that we are
absolutely and completely dependent upon the Revelation given to us. We all
would agree on that but is it a starting point for logical development or
something we need to accept, submit to and stick very close to.
It's definitely a nuance. And also, you
could then get into the whole issue of Revelation....because of course Nature
is a form of this as well. It's testimony is sufficient to attest Theism,
assign guilt, but it is inconclusive
when it comes to formulating specifics.
While I think the Holy Spirit can
certainly use logically argued 'evidences' to convince someone of Theism and
point them toward the Gospel....logic alone will not 'prove' nor is it able to expand
on the Gospel.
Granted, Greek is certainly more
capable of nuanced and subtle expression than English or even many other
languages.
Bosporus:
Bosporus:
You say logic is “our way” of explaining the laws of nature. I would
rather say rational and empirical capabilities were built into created humanity
so that we can acquire and retain real knowledge of real things. Your
seem to suggest that our logic is just a human construct. You say you're
a realist, but when it comes to human logic, you sound like an arch-nominalist.
:)
Your correct in that I would say logic
will lead everyone to being an arch-nominalist. That's why Redemptive Revelation
is a necessity and yet if it is put under the logic-microscope, if it is put to
the test....in some cases it may 'seem' to elucidate, but ultimately it plants
the seed for deconstruction. Instead of taking it as Oracular, it treats
Scripture as material to parse out, tinker with, develop etc.... Some are far
more guilty of this than others. But ultimately it subjugates Scripture.
You might respond that has nothing to
do with Logic or Rationality in themselves but simply with method. And to a
point that's true as well.
Logic still habits a critical place....again back to communication and language...logic has to be in play for these things to function, for language to have any meaning at all.
I'm specifically addressing the
systemic impulse found in logic....the tendency toward development and
speculation....the hallmark of Western Theology. I would say in order to be
Scripturalists we need to arrest this tendency and temptation.
In order to be a Realist I have to
abandon my dependency on Logic. Even Plato in order to make the Realist leap
had to depend on innate sense of the Forms. Incredibly he used this (what seems
arbitrary and subjective notion) as his a priori starting point. From that
point he employed Reason to develop his ideas. Totally wrong....but if we can
swap innate sense for Revelation....then were on the right track.
But at that point I don't think we then
take up 'logic' to work out the implications of Revelation. We must to a
point...again back to communication and word-function....but are we to 'take
off' and develop systems and cross-checks, verifications?....highly problematic
to me.
I think this is in part the reason for
our refusal to embrace Confessionalism which rests on a system or body of
doctrine. We all admit it there's a danger, a tendency to supplant Scripture.
There's no mere tendency...that's what it does. It overthrows and
replaces the Canon....period. And as we well know this is also true when it
comes to tertiary standards...liturgical and political forms and documents.
I'm referring to Confessionalism not to
the existence of a Confession per se.
I always...always cringe when listening
to Reformed teachers quote the Confession in argument. That's
anti-Scripturalism. You and I have NEVER appealed to Confessions in our
arguments. We always are solely interested in textual issues and arguments.
I don't care in the least what this or
that Confession says about Baptism or whatever the issue is. We always go back
to the text and if the text contradicts the system....toss the system....maybe
even toss the method?
You say....rational and empirical
capabilities were built into created humanity.....
So are you admitting logic is
empirical? So is correcting the Fall about returning to logic so that we figure
it all out? I don't think that's what you're saying. That would be a Gordon
Clark way of looking at things.
I haven't fully developed this in my
mind but I would say the laws of logic point to teleology but that in itself is
not God....simply evidence (you could say) of a God. The teleology necessitates
a God but because of sin fallen man (though guilty) cannot make the
metaphysical leap across the chasm. I don't think logic helps him to do this
and again while it must be employed for communication to take place, it does
not mean that once the chasm is bridged that man can now employ the 'same'
tools that before were insufficient.
Even the argument from teleology can be
attacked and as you know certainly has. But to get to God from that point it
seems you would need to leap from the teleological argument which is
inconclusive to the causation based reasoning found in the cosmological
argument. But again....inconclusive. It's enough for guilt but little else.
Bosporus:
Our logic is not the same, identifiable with divine logic, but they are ontologically analogous. Our logic is real, and reflects (albeit in a finite manner) the logic of God -- its image and likeness, if you will. John, for example, describes the Word/Logos as the Light which lights every man who comes into the world.
I'm not sure about the ontological
part. Via the Spirit we're being granted to a meta-realm. I don't think the
same 'rules' apply....I don't think the categories are even the same. Again I
think logic is bound to quantitative reasoning. Spatial limitations which
govern logic....even theoretical categories must take this account.....would
not apply in the meta-realm.
It's not that the meta-realm is full of
contradictions....it's that the law of non-contradiction is not even
applicable. Those quantitative categories don't apply. Even qualitative
concepts....how do we define qualities apart from quantification and
systemizing?
Do we have a leg to stand on in the
meta-realm? I don't think so. We must wholly depend on Revelation. It's like
we're a kid in a swimming pool. We can get in the water but we don't dare let
go of the side. Most Western theology says....no we're okay, we can learn to
swim and move around.... but like the kid who let's go.....they may splash
around a bit, 'kind of' swim...but they drown because they're in over their
head. (no pun intended)
The lisping part comes where God
enables us to understand 'something' of the realm beyond. We will understand
more post-Eschaton...but I don't think that's about logic per se....as much as
more intangible categories like perception etc...
I don't mean to sound charismatic and
I'm not moving in that way at all. I consider that thinking to be explicitly
extra-Biblical. But....we've made so much of the Christian life an intellectual
exercise. When I read or listen to so many guys it's almost like.... if you
just take a logic course then you can become a master theologian. I don't think
so. In fact I don't find Paul ever arguing that way. I realize that's not for a
moment what you're saying...
Rather than 'master' theology...to
understand the Bible and a Christian System, I think we need to submit to what
the Bible itself says even when it defies our understanding. Our task is not to
try and explain it so that we master a system or as is often the case make
'contradictions' seem more palatable.
Bosporus:
I don’t mind saying God communicates
propositionally, though I would not say his message is bound to human
linguistic forms. I talk one way to you, another to my students, yet
another to a toddler: God lisps to us, as Calvin says, but it’s only by way of
condescension (accommodation). He is still able to communicate clearly
to us, though the whole truth is much greater than the content he
actually communicates. Finite minds cannot comprehend infinite truth, nor
can human language fully express it. Human reason can never, by any
amount of logical deduction/induction, exhaustively apprehend truth as God
knows it -- not here on earth, nor later in heaven when freed from the
debilitating factor of sin.
Apprehend I agree with....comprehend
implies systemic thought. I think most logic-oriented theology seeks to
comprehend truth. Maybe that's making too much of the two words but there's a
difference in posture.
Of course Ephesians 3 uses 'comprehend'
though the meaning of the word in the text does not exactly parallel the way
I'm using the terms here.
Listening to (as I have recently) to
many Reformed men talk about the Covenants or even worse the Trinity....I
literally find myself recoiling...being offended...finding the talk to be
sacrilegious. I realize they would not 'claim' to fully comprehend what they're
talking about but could I say....the method that seeks to comprehend rather
than apprehend is problematic? Again maybe that's laying too much on the word
definitions, but that's kind of what I'm getting at.
When they start talking about this or
that doctrine taking logical priority, or that this or that doctrine should be
placed at the center of a certain category (Justification in Soteriology
etc...) I start to resist.
The only Centraldogma, the only System
is rooted in Christ's person which itself defies logical categorization or
dissection. The Incarnation defies all logical categories. When placed under
the microscope of Aristotelian term logic...the Incarnation is a contradiction.
Again, not a contradiction....wrong
tools and categories. It's not illogical but it's entirely meta-logical.
What's a little mind-blowing (in terms
of this discussion) is the fact that apprehension is also Empirical. However
the difference is....its total dependency. And of course there is an empirical
nature to faith...a sensation of hope generated by the work of the Spirit.
Speculative theology rooted in logical
constructions...seeking comprehension....seeks to be objective and thus built
on solid ground. My argument would be that it's not, and that it goes beyond
what we can or are called to do.
Van Til would say there's no
objectivity, everything is governed by presupposition. While I'm uncomfortable
where his followers take that, I am also uncomfortable with the confidence his
followers gain by saying....okay, we 'now' have the 'right'
presupposition....Christ the Axiom...let's get busy and build.
Bosporus:
Bosporus:
Divine mysteries are not contradictory, neither on the human level, nor on the
divine. They may be beyond our ability to grasp, but that does not make
them contradictory. I might not be able to explain them, or how they
relate one to another, but if they’re divinely revealed I still believe
them. God may illumine our minds in part regarding these
mysteries, but that partial understanding is really logical. Then
too, there are some mysteries which are entirely beyond finite capacity to
grasp, known only to God for all eternity.
The Trinity, the Incarnation and many
other categories are indeed contradictions....according to classic or term
logic.
We believe them not because they're
logical but because they're revealed. That said, some of the formulations and
what went into them probably demand a bit of re-assessment.
Saying they're really logical....I
think is to impose categories that don't belong and are frankly incapable of
grasping the spiritual realities of the meta-realm.
To question whether or not revelation
is contradictory....is to subjugate it. Logic demands the question. The law of
non-contradiction is basic to the understanding and function of logic. I think
it's an invalid criterion to impose on the text of revelation.
Ultimately if you hold to 'mysteries
which are entirely beyond finite capacity to grasp' then we're practically
saying the same thing....which I'm pretty confident based on our years of
discussion that we are pretty much in agreement.
But is this acknowledgement of
inability to grasp determined only 'after' a long exhaustive attempt at
systematization? Only then do we throw up our hands? I don't think so. I think
we need to operate under different theological imperatives.
So while Sproul would call me a
blasphemer for my embrace of contradiction and ambiguity....I would say his
categories are leading him to ask the wrong questions and thus not only are his
conclusions often wrong....his whole posturing is in error.
As a side note....it's amazing thinking
back to 1995 and 1996 when we really appreciated him....to 2012....I can't
stand him. I listen to him but disagree with him on a constant basis. Even some
of his books I once admired, now I find to be offensive and full of erroneous
thinking. His writings and so-called ministry still have 'some' value in
reaching out to people coming from other quarters, but.... I wouldn't actually
recommend him to anyone.
He's also a crook and exploiter of
God's people...but that's unrelated to this discussion.
Bosporus:
You seem to be saying that the divine Mind is beyond logic -- not
illogical, but (from a human perspective) extra- or non-logical
by nature.
Absolutely. The Incarnation,
Soteriology (in terms of temporality and eschatology) and so many other
concepts are meta-logical. Not illogical per se....wrong questions, wrong
framing.
Extra-logical....exactly.
Sproul and so many others seem to
suggest that if we just had the logical tools....we could indeed comprehend.
And if we can't quite get there, we sure can get close.
I would say....not in a million years. You're
using a sledgehammer to sculpt water. Doesn't work on several levels.
Bosporus:
I liked this: “[I]t's ironic that Thomas unwittingly planted the seeds for the
destruction of the Medieval World which he sought to justify. It's breathtaking
and astonishing to consider how these forces work.” Amen.
I would also say that
Beza, Turretin and others also planted the seeds that made New England what it
is today.
I would also say
Kuyper helped bring about the modern Netherlands and to no small degree Kuyper
and the Dominionism of the Dutch Reformed tradition also birthed apartheid
South Africa.
But all of it can to
some extent be traced back to Aquinas and the Scholastics. They really did make
the modern world.
Here's a great little
paragraph-clip from a Wiki article....emphasis mine:
Vladimir Lossky, a noted modern Eastern Orthodox theologian, argues the difference in East and West is due to the Roman Catholic Church's use of pagan metaphysical philosophy (and its outgrowth, scholasticism) rather than the mystical, actual experience of God called theoria, to validate the theological dogmas of Roman Catholic Christianity. For this reason, Lossky argues that the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics have become "different men". Other Eastern Orthodox theologians such as John Romanides and Metropolitan Hierotheos say the same. Vladimir Lossky expressed this as "Revelation sets an abyss between the truth which it declares and the truths which can be discovered by philosophical speculation.
'Different Men'
The last sentence is also interesting is it not? In many ways that expresses the heart of what I'm trying to say. Pity the Orthodox don't follow it either. And don't worry I'm not advocating theoria.