Finney, the Burned-Over District, and a Day in Northeast Ohio

I was in Oberlin, Ohio recently. Every once in a blue moon, we take a trip over to Cleveland, and I've been meaning to do the little side-trip over to Oberlin for years. I'm not fan of Charles Finney but (like him or not) his influence on American Church history has been nothing less than profound.

Redemptive-Historical Theology Part 3: Christocentric Thinking and Ethics

There are some who will insist that Systematics and Biblical Theology are complimentary and admittedly some Systematic theologians are better than others. And yet ultimately we return to basic questions - What is the Bible? What is the nature of revelation? How do we judge and interact with it? How did the Fall affect our intellect? And how do we faithfully understand and communicate what God has spoken? Is it our task to reflect Scriptural teaching even if it results in unresolved tensions and we are forced to limit some of our concepts - leaving loose ends and unanswered inquiries? Or is it the task of the theologian as Charles Hodge (1797-1878) argued - to treat the Scripture as something like data or a 'storehouse of facts' to be organized? The theologian's task consequently becomes something like a scientific discipline with the primary requirement being philosophical training.

Redemptive-Historical Theology Part 2: Logic and Salvation History

Redemptive-History focuses on the development of doctrine as it is revealed throughout the history of salvation. This is the history of God working to save a people for Himself, to defeat death and break the effects of the Genesis 3 curse, all culminating in the Kingdom of Heaven. The central character as well as the plot are all centered on the person of Christ. As such Redemptive-Historical Theology (or Biblical Theology as some would have it) focuses on development and context in relation to Christ as opposed to logical structure and ordering.

Redemptive-Historical Theology Part 1: A Christ-Centered Reading of the Bible

In 2nd Timothy 3:16, the Apostle Paul refers to the Scriptures as 'God-Breathed'. It is the very Word of God and as such it reveals a great many truths about the way the world is, why it is this way, the true nature of reality, as well as what is to come. It explains how and why the world is broken and how mankind can be reconciled to God through the Person of Jesus Christ. 

Soli Deo Gloria - To God Alone Be The Glory

For Protestants wishing to return to Biblical Christianity, the Five Solas became something like a battle cry. Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone) is the foundational authority for doctrine and the Christian life. And this points to a gospel of Sola Gratia (Grace Alone) effected through Sola Fide (Faith Alone) and by means of Solus Christus (Christ Alone). This brings us to the final element - Soli Deo Gloria, to God alone be the glory. 

Sola Scriptura - Scripture Alone

 After considering the Solas regarding Grace, Faith, and Christ, we come to the heart of the dispute between the Reformers and Rome, the question of authority. How do we know what we know in terms of God and His doctrine? For the Reformers, the very gospel was at stake in how this question is answered.

Sola Scriptura and The Spectrum of Scriptural Authority (I): Initial Considerations and Confessionalism

Author Brian Godawa appeared on my radar back in the early 2000's when Christian publications called attention to his participation in the 2001 film To End All Wars. For my part, I didn't really care for the film - all the more as I refuse to accept some of the assumptions at work in the Anglo-centric narrative.

Godawa was an open Theonomist and was pointed to as an example of positive Christian cultural engagement. He seemed to be something of a rising star in those circles but then I didn't really hear about him again for the next decade or so. Then in the mid-2010's he popped up on my radar again in connection with his fictional works on the Antediluvian world and the Nephilim. I listened to and read some of his material in connection to these themes and found it palatable, interesting, and sometimes refreshing.

The Clarkian-Gnostic Freemasonry

Recently I was in a used book store and stumbled across Christianity and Neo-Liberalism by Paul Elliott (published by the Trinity Foundation in 2005). Some will immediately know this is a book connected to the followers of Gordon Clark (1902-1985), a controversial figure within Reformed circles in general and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) in particular.

Vos and the Two-Age Ethics of Redemptive-Historical Theology

https://reformedforum.org/vos-and-neo-calvinism-rethinking-a-transatlantic-identity/

Bucey provides some helpful analysis regarding this rather pivotal episode in the life of Geerhardus Vos (1862-1949) and his 1886 refusal to join Abraham Kuyper at the Free University in Amsterdam. The young Vos instead made his way to Grand Rapids to teach at what would become Calvin College and Seminary.

Deconstructing Dolezal

https://au.thegospelcoalition.org/book-review/not-god-divine-simplicity-simple/

I appreciated this review of James Dolezal's 2017 work All That is In God: Evangelical Theology and the Challenge of Classical Christian Theism - a work that has generated controversy and led to the creation of new factions within Reformed circles. As the subject interests me, I find myself returning to it once again.

Calvinism's Inability to Reckon With Apostasy

https://philosophical-theology.com/2025/10/17/abandoning-the-faith-in-college-really/

DiGiacomo finds parental discourse surrounding the issue of apostasy to be confused but we could say the same adjective describes his discourse as well. The bottom line is this - what does the New Testament say? And this is the rub, Calvinism all too often commits itself to rationalist systemic frameworks that logically prioritize certain truths and as a consequence, verses (even if there are literally dozens of them) that suggest something to the contrary must be explained away and/or subordinated.

Psychology, the Re-framing of Evangelical Parenting, and Roads to Apostasy

https://religionnews.com/2025/10/09/new-book-debunks-spanking-and-the-myths-of-christian-parenting/

https://religionnews.com/2024/05/30/adults-raised-in-the-christian-parenting-empire-of-the-70s-90s-push-back/

Evangelicalism has an established track record of compromise and worldly thinking. From its inception in the post-war context, this movement has left the doors wide open to worldly influence.

Therefore it's no surprise to read of these assaults on Biblical parenting being offered by women - women who are effectively teaching doctrine and ethics. Their disobedience to the Scriptures and the fact that they are given standing and an audience within the Evangelical sphere only further emphasizes this point.

My Kingdom is Not of This World

There are few books out there that I would fully endorse, but Joshua Immanuel's 2024 work - My Kingdom is Not of This World is one of them. A friend of this website, Immanuel excels at laying out some of the basic ideas surrounding the nature of the Kingdom and the ethics that flow from it.

Reflecting on John MacArthur's Legacy

John MacArthur died three months ago (July 2025) and the buzz concerning him and his ministry have waned. This is especially true in light of subsequent events such as the assassination of Charlie Kirk.

There were some voices of concern and criticism lodged regarding MacArthur, his ministry, and testimony, but overwhelmingly the assessments have been positive.

Soteriology and Sacraments: The Early Church and the Contemporary Ecclesiastical Spectrum

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jTld1nmkq4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpVz4okhdRU

Several weeks ago I caught Jordan Cooper's videos dealing with the Ethiopian Orthodox man and the Knechtle's over questions regarding the Early Church. The videos of the exchange went viral and have been the source of considerable discussion. It's been something of a boon to Orthodox and Catholic apologists at the Knechtle's were demonstrably incapable of defending their position.

Kuyper and Schilder on Eschatology and Culture

https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/themelios/article/beginning-at-the-end-of-all-things/

The theology and thought of Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920) is riddled with contradictions. On the one hand contemporary Dominionists wishing to posit a monistic view of society will quote Kuyper's famous dictum : 'There is not a square inch in the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ, who is Sovereign over all, does not cry, Mine!'

It's a pretty bold statement suggesting the boundaries of the Kingdom are all encompassing and there can be no room for dissent.

Trueman has Seemingly Lost his Mind

https://firstthings.com/pope-francis-my-worst-protestant-nightmare/

https://wng.org/opinions/an-office-of-great-cultural-significance-1746424321

These articles left me baffled but they demonstrate how cultural and political motivations have taken over and now drive the thinking of most Christians. Trueman in particular surprises me as he once passionately argued for a kind of sober detachment but now is at the forefront of culture war battles even being promoted by and collaborating with the likes of Charles Colson protege John Stonestreet.

A PCA Take on Paedocommunion

https://gospelreformation.net/dear-pastor-may-my-child-take-the-lords-supper/

Spinnenweber is to be commended as he covers all the bases and his treatment of the subject is fair. Unfortunately his conclusions are completely wrong.

Fundamentalism's Baconian Epistemology

I encountered this on a website - an argument against transubstantiation by means of empirical deduction. It reminded me of what some have called the Baconian epistemology of Fundamentalism which is closely related to the Common Sense Realism so dominant in the early days of America. The pastor in question appeals to a perceived problem with the bread....

Spiritual Symbolism is Still Symbolism

https://www.crossway.org/articles/is-the-lords-supper-jesuss-actual-body-and-blood-1-corinthians/

On one level this article had moments in which it was a blessing to read. And yet another part of me wanted to crumple up the paper and throw it across the room.

We can agree that the Lord's Supper is not a repeated sacrifice as understood in the Roman Catholic Mass and while some of the Lutheran hair-splitting and insistence on ubiquity is not always helpful, Naselli's rendering of the Supper as merely symbolic does not account for the Scriptural data.